American Anhinga

American Anhinga

Anhinga anhinga leucogaster

Least Concern

Quick Facts

Kingdom: Animalia
Abundance: Abundant
Habitat: Wetland, Coastal
Activity: Diurnal (Active during day)
Lifespan: up to 16 years

Commonly known as a “snakebird” or “water turkey” because of its habit of swimming with its body submerged and long neck above the water. Shaped like a cormorant but with a longer neck, males are black with a green iridescent sheen, silver wing patches, and spots on the shoulders. Females are black with a buff-colored neck and breast. It will feed by diving from the surface of the water and spearing prey with its pointed bill. The Anhinga lacks oil glands and is often seen perching with its wings spread to dry them in the sun.

Diet

Primarily fish, sometimes aquatic insects, shrimp, baby alligators and turtles

Activity Pattern

Diurnal (Active during day)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Suliformes
Family: Anhingidae
Genus: Anhinga
Species: Anhinga anhinga leucogaster

Scientific Name

Anhinga anhinga leucogaster

Common Name

American Anhinga
Breeding Season
Seasonally or throughout the year depending on latitude
Migration Pattern
Individuals in the most northern areas of the U.S. migrate there in March and April and stay until October, then return to Mexico and more southern parts of the U.S. in winter
Lifespan
up to 16 years

Behavior

Anhingas start flight by either running on the surface of the water or diving from a tree. Only the head and neck are visible when in the water due to their low buoyancy. Anhingas hunt for fish while swimming underwater or at surface. They wait for fish to come near, then impale them with lightning-fast thrust of their long, pointed bill. The fish is often tossed in the air, then swallowed headfirst. Similar to cormorants and turkey vultures, anhingas sun themselves by spreading out the wings, which dries out the plumage and absorbs heat from the sun. Anhingas are solitary but are sometimes found among groups of herons, cormorants, ibises, or storks.

Activity Pattern

Diurnal (Active during day)

Habitat Types

Wetland
Coastal

Geographic Distribution

The northernmost distribution of Anhinga anhinga leucogaster is in the United States from North Carolina to Texas. Its range also includes Mexico, Central America, Panama, and Cuba.

Local Abundance

Abundant

Conservation Status

Least Concern

This species is widespread and abundant. No immediate threat to survival.

How You Can Help

  • Report sightings to contribute to population monitoring
  • Support habitat conservation efforts
  • Follow guidelines when observing wildlife
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