Black Swallowtail

Black Swallowtail

Papilio polyxenes

Least Concern

Quick Facts

Kingdom: Animalia
Abundance: Abundant
Habitat: Grassland, Urban
Activity: Diurnal (Active during day)

A large, charismatic black butterfly often seen in home gardens. The upper wing surface is black with two rows of yellow spots – these spots are large and bright in males and smaller and lighter in females. Females have a prominent blue area between these two rows, this area in males is much less prominent. Adult females are typically larger than males. Young larvae are mostly black and white with a saddle, and older larvae are green with black transverse bands containing yellow spots.

Diet

Larvae feed primarily on plants of the carrot family including Dill, Parsley, Fennel, Carrot, and Celery in gardens, and Queen-Anne's-Lace, Poison Hemlock, and Lovage in the wild. Adults forage for Nectar from flowers including red clover, milkweed, and thistles.

Activity Pattern

Diurnal (Active during day)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Papilionidae
Genus: Papilio
Species: Papilio polyxenes

Scientific Name

Papilio polyxenes

Behavior

Black Swallowtails thermoregulate by positioning their body and wings toward the sun. The black swallowtail is protandrous, meaning males emerge before females.

Ecological Role

Adults help pollinate plants and larvae are food for birds and other animals

Activity Pattern

Diurnal (Active during day)

Habitat Types

Grassland
Urban

Geographic Distribution

Most of the eastern U.S., north into Quebec, west into southern Saskatchewan, Colorado and southeast California; south to northern South America.

Local Abundance

Abundant

Conservation Status

Least Concern

This species is widespread and abundant. No immediate threat to survival.

How You Can Help

  • Report sightings to contribute to population monitoring
  • Support habitat conservation efforts
  • Follow guidelines when observing wildlife
No field notes or observations available for this species.

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